Private does not mean unaccountable.

Selective disclosure and solvency are part of the design.

Private spending should not require a public record of every principal-agent relationship. Stealth wallets and committed mandate terms are designed to reduce that exposure.

Counterparties need evidence that the rules are satisfied. A within-mandate proof can establish that a spend respects a cap, class, and counterparty rule without disclosing the complete mandate.

Dispute resolution uses scoped disclosure grants. Public epoch solvency proofs provide a separate accountability surface without publishing every private transaction.